HEC SCHOLARSHIP APTITUDE (HAT) TEST Preparation, Analytical Reasoning
HEC SCHOLARSHIP APTITUDE TEST SAMPLE
PAPER/Guide
GENERAL
INFORMATION
Test Duration 120
minutes (2 hrs.) Total No. of Questions 100
Test Composition:
|
Verbal Reasoning |
50% |
|
Quantitative
Reasoning |
30% |
|
Analytical
Reasoning |
20% |
|
Total |
100% |
______________________________________________________________________________
Introduction to Analytical Reasoning
Analytical Reasoning
Analytical reasoning questions (also call analytical game) is a set of
questions three to seven based on a given situation such as students standing
in a row, or select member for committee from the given candidates, or
scheduling the project tasks etc. analytical reasoning question are design to
check the one’s ability of conceptual learning and how one response to solve a
complex situation. Each analytical reasoning set consist of (1) what is and
what to do, explaining the actual situation, limitation, related statements and
sometime other helpful material, and what is objective or what to do?
Analytical reasoning also consist of (2) three to seven questions that check
understanding of complex situation and its implications.
For solving the analytical reasoning questions there is no need of high
level knowledge of formal logic or mathematics rules, only basic general logic
of daily life are use to solve the analytical reasoning question. Vocabulary,
skills, conceptual ability and computation or general math ability are very
helpful for solving the analytical reasoning problems. If one fail to
understand the meaning of single word then he cannot response all questions
correctly and similarly one fail to understand the concept of statement then
again he cannot response all question correctly.
Below there is an example of
analytical game
The administrator of a commercial designing Firm is scheduling exactly
six tasks—J, K, L, M, N, and O—for a particular week, Monday through Saturday.
Each task can be completed in one full day, and exactly one task will be
'scheduled for each day. The tasks must be scheduled according to the following
conditions:
J must be completed sometime
before L is completed. M must be
completed on the day immediately before or the day immediately after the day on
which O is completed. N must be completed
on Thursday.
1. Which of
the following is an acceptable schedule of tasks for the week? Mon. Tues. Wed. Thur. Fri. Sat.
(A)
J K M N O L
(B)
J N L O M K
(C)
K O M N L J
(D)
M O J N K L
(E)
O J M N L K
2.
Any of the following could be completed on Saturday EXCEPT
(A) J
(B) K
(C) L
(D) M (E) O
1.
If K is completed on Wednesday, which of the following could be true?
(A)
J is completed on Tuesday.
(B)
L is completed on Monday.
(C)
L is completed on Friday.
(D)
M is completed on Monday.
(E)
O is completed on Thursday.
2.
If O is completed on Monday, which of the following must be true?
(A)
J is completed sometime before K. (B) J is completed sometime before N.
(C)
K is completed sometime before L.
(D) N is
completed sometime before K. (E) N is
completed sometime before L.
3.
If J is completed on Tuesday, which of the following must be true?
(A)
K is completed on Monday.
(B)
L is completed on Thursday.
(C)
L is completed on Saturday.
(D)
M is completed on Wednesday. (E) O is completed on Saturday.
4.
If M is completed on Tuesday, any of the following could be true EXCEPT:
(A)
J is completed on Monday.
(B)
K is completed on Saturday.
(C)
L is completed on Wednesday.
(D)
L is completed on Friday.
(E)
O is completed on Wednesday.
5.
If K is completed on Friday, which of the following must be true?
(A)
J is completed on Monday.
(B)
J is completed on Wednesday.
(C)
L is completed on Saturday.
(D)
M is completed on Monday.
(E)
O is completed on Tuesday.
The above example of analytical game consists of one paragraph, some
limitation and seven questions. First paragraph explain what is actual problem
or situation and what have to accomplish. In second part, all constrains to
achieve the target are explain. The third part consists of seven questions.
Each question also consist one or more specific condition and response to ask
what happen in next or how task will complete.
Components of
Analytical Game
There is three component of
Analytical Game
1. Situation
2. Limitations or Rules
3. Questions
1.
Situation
The situation part consists of circumstance of problem and what to
achieve. This part also include resources to use for complete the objective. In
above example,
The administrator of a commercial designing Firm is scheduling exactly
six tasks—J, K, L, M, N, and O—for a particular week, Monday through Saturday.
Each task can be completed in one full day, and exactly one task will be
'scheduled for each day. The tasks must be scheduled according to the following
conditions:
First it explains the circumstance as one administrator arranging the six
tasks. The objective is arranging each task on exactly one day of the week.
2.
Limitations or Rules
The most important component of Analytical Game is Limitation or Rules
which explaining constrains for accomplish the objective. In above example,
following are the rules,
J must be completed sometime before L is completed. M must be completed
on the day immediately before or the day immediately after the day on which O
is completed. N must be completed on Thursday
Rules are backbone in order to solve the analytical
game. If one fails to understand the single Rule then he cannot response most
question correctly. For solving the each question, one needs to use these Rules correctly. Basically one learns
“how to use rules’ it mean he polishes or have good conceptual ability.
Type of Rules
•
Basic Rules
•
Relationship Rules
•
New Rules
Basic Rules
The Rule which has minimum possibility of occurrence is basic Rules. In
above example, the third Rules as
“N must be completed on
Thursday”
Now task “N” has only one possibility of occurrence. Then third Rule is
basic Rule, because it has minimum possibility of chance.
Let, “N must be completed on
Thursday or Friday’
Now task “N” has only two possibility of occurrence, again it is Basic
Rule because it has only two possibility of chance.
Relationship
Rules
The Rule which describe some relation between entities is called relationship
Rule. In above example, the first and the second Rules as
“J must completed sometime
before L is completed”
“M must be completed on the day immediately before or the day immediately
after the day on which O is completed”
First Rule, described relation between J and L, as J must completed
before L or J < L. Now if one knows setting of L or J then he can determine
the setting for other remaining task easily.
Second Rule also described relation between M and O, now again if one
knows setting for of M or O task then he can determine the setting for other
remaining task. For example, if M completed on Tuesday then O must completed on
Monday or Wednesday.
New Rule
Rule
which is made by combination of given or existing Rules is called New Rules.
Sometime,
given Rules generate or explain further limitations that further limitation is
a New Rule.
Types of
Analytical Games
There are three major types of
analytical games
•
Ordering Game
Ordering analytical games require the examinee to place the
"person" provided in the set of conditions in a particular sequence.
The ordering game could require the examinee to place tasks, boys, or things in
sequence.
•
Grouping Game
Grouping analytical games require the examinee to select a group of
person, boy, girl, teacher etc according to the set of conditions provide.
•
Networking Game
Networking analytical games require the examinee to draw a connection or
link between cities, computers, countries etc; according to the given relation.
Analytical Symbols
In order to solve analytical games easily and within time allot, one must
use maximum symbols and other notations as possible.
•
Always use only “Capital letter” to represent the name of any persons,
colors, trees, cities etc.
•
Try to use number instead of whole name for series like consecutive
days, month.
|
For example. Days |
Mon |
Tues Wed |
Thur Fri |
Sat |
|
Numbering 1 2 |
3 |
4 5 |
6 |
|
•
In below table, there are symbols which are mostly use in analytical games.
|
Symbols |
Meaning |
Expression |
How to read |
|
→ |
If – then-- |
A → B |
If A select for group then B must be select with A. and if
B select for a group then A may be select but not compulsory for selection. |
|
↔ or = |
If --- then--- |
A ↔ B Or A = B |
If A
select for a group then B must be select with A and if B select for a group
then A must be select with B. If A cannot join any specific group then B also
cannot join that group and similarly if B cannot join any specific group then
A also cannot join that group. A = B never shown that they are equal in value
but only shown that they are in same group. |
|
≠ |
Not with
Or Not |
|
If A select for a group then B cannot select for that group and
similarly if B select for a group then A cannot select for that group. A ≠ 5 mean A cannot occupy the fifth position when arrange the A in
linear analytical games. |
|
/ |
Or |
A → B/C |
If A
select for a group then one of B or C must be select. Sometime both B and C
can select with A and sometime only one of B and C can |
|
|
|
|
select with A, depending on the Rule condition |
|
+ |
Add |
A = B + 1 |
This
notation only use on Linear or Sequence Analytical Games. It means
A will occupy position immediately after B position. |
|
± |
Add or Subtract |
A = B ± 1 |
It mean A
will occupy position immediately after or immediately before the position
which is occupy by B. |
|
< |
On lower position |
A < B |
It mean,
A occupy lower position then the position which is occupy by B |
|
AG |
If—in—then---- |
AG → BR |
Here small G show Green team and small R A → B show
Red team. And G R , it mean if A select
for Green team than B must select for Red team. |
|
& |
And |
(A & B) → C |
It mean,
if both A and B select for one group then C also join the same group. |
Analytical
Logics
1 If
A select then B must be select. A
→ B,
For Example, if there is raining then definitely there are clouds,
because raining cannot be start without clouds. So there are many case in which
if one come to know existence of one element then existence of second element
is also prove. Like if there is raining then could also exist. But if there are
clouds then raining may be fall but not compulsory. So,
If A select then B must select,
but if B select then A may be select or not.
And if one come to know that there are no clouds then definitely there is
no raining. So, If B cannot select then A cannot select.
•
If A select then B must be select. A
→ B
•
If B select then A may be select or not. B →A or not select.
•
If B not select then A cannot select. ~B
→ ~A
|
Symbol “~” shown for “NOT”. |
|
|
2. If A select then B cannot select. |
A → ~B |
|
Now
if B select then A also cannot select. |
B → ~A |
|
Then we simply write as Both A and B cannot join same group. |
A ≠ B |
|
3. If A select then B must select. |
A → B |
|
And if B select then A must select. |
B → A |
|
Then Both A and
B must join same group. |
A = B |
4.
•
If A select then B must
select. A
→ B
•
If B select then C cannot select. B
→ ~ C
•
Then both A and C cannot join same group. A ≠ C See below for detail.
|
|
Possibility |
Group |
True/False |
|
1 |
A |
B C |
False as
statement 2 |
|
2 |
A |
C |
False as
statement 1 |
|
3 |
B |
C |
False as
statement 2 |
|
4 |
A |
B |
True |
|
5 |
C |
|
True |
In above all the possibility in
which both A and C join the group are wrong, so both A and C cannot
|
join the group. Or 5 • If A select then B must select. • If B select then C must select. •
Then if A and C must select. See below
for detail. |
A ≠ C A → B B → C A → C |
|||
|
Possibility |
Group |
|
True/False |
|
|
1 |
A |
B |
C |
True |
|
2 |
A |
C |
|
False as
statement 1 |
|
3 |
B |
C |
|
True |
|
4 |
A |
B |
|
False as
statement 2 |
|
5 |
C |
|
True |
|
In above all the possibility in which A select and C
not join with A are wrong, so if A select then
C must select with A. Or A
= C
6
•
For a group only two member are remaining for group
completion and two member will be select from total three available(A, B, C) person.
•
If A select then B must select.
•
Then B must be select and one of A and C can select
for that group. See below for detail.
Group
Remaining Members = 2 Available
Persons = A, B, C Group Remaining
Member True/False
|
1 |
2 |
|
|
|
A |
B |
True |
|
|
B |
|
C |
False as
statement 2 |
|
C |
|
C |
True |
In above all the possibility in
which B not select are wrong. So in above case B must be select.
7
•
For a group only two member are remaining for group
completion and two member will be
select from total three available(A, B, C) person.
•
If A select then B must select and if B select then A must select.
•
Then A and B must be select and C cannot select for that
group. See below for detail.
Group Remaining Members = 2 Available Persons = A, B, C Group Remaining Member True/False
1 2
A B True
A
C False
as statement 2
B
C False
as statement 2
In above all the possibility in which both A and B not select are wrong. So
in above case both A and B must be select and C cannot select.
8
•
For a group only two member are remaining for group
completion and two member will be
select from total three available(A, B, C) person.
•
If A select then B cannot select.
•
Then C must select and one of A and B will be select
for that group. See below for detail.
Group Remaining Members = 2 Available Persons = A, B, C Group Remaining Member True/False
1 2
|
A |
B |
False as statement 2 |
|
A |
C |
True |
|
B |
C |
True |
In above all the possibility in which C not select are wrong. So in above
case C must select and one of A and B can select but not both.
9
•
For a group only one member is remaining for group
completion and one member will be
select from total three available(A, B, C) person.
•
If A select then B must select and if B select then A must select.
•
Then C must select and none of A and B will be select
for that group. See below for detail.
Group Remaining Members = 1 Available Persons = A, B, C Group Remaining Member True/False
1
A False
as statement 2 B False as statement 2
D True
A B False
as statement 1
C A False
as statement 1
In above all the possibility in which C not select alone are wrong, so in
above case C must select alone and none of A and B select.
10
•
For a group only one member is remaining for group
completion and one member will be
select from total three available(A, B, C) person.
•
If A select then B must select.
•
Then A cannot select for group and one of B and C can
select for group. See below for detail.
Group Remaining Members = 1 Available Persons = A, B, C Group Remaining Member True/False
1
|
A |
|
|
False as statement 2 |
|
B |
|
|
True |
|
C |
|
|
True |
|
|
A |
B |
False as statement 1 |
|
|
C |
A |
False as statement 1 |
In above all the possibility in which A select alone are wrong, so in
above case A not select for group and one of B and C will be select.
11. If A select then B or C must select but not both. A → B/C Then B
cannot select with C. B
≠ C
12
•
On position, if there is only single position is remaining.
• A must occupy position
immediately after the B. A
= B +1 •
Then B and A both cannot occupy
that single position.
See below for detail.
Let
there is five consecutive chairs, and C must sit on fourth chair. C = 4 And A must sit on chair
after immediately chair on which B sit. A
= B + 1
|
Options |
Chairs 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
True/False |
|
1 |
|
|
B |
C |
A |
False as
statement 2 |
|
2 |
|
|
A |
C |
B |
False as
statement 2 |
|
3 |
A |
B |
|
C |
|
True |
In above all the options in which A or B occupy single remaining fifth
position are wrong, so in above case A or B not occupy that single remaining
position.
13
•
On position, if there are two consecutive positions are remaining.
•
A cannot occupy position immediately after the position which is occupy
by B. or A ≠ B + 1
• Then only one of A and B
occupy one position of that two consecutive position.
14
•
If A occupy position which is immediately after or before the position
on which occupy by
B. or A
= B ± 1
•
And C occupy position which is immediately after or before the position
on which occupy by
B. or C = B ± 1
•
Then A = C ± 2
•
And A, B, C cannot occupy any single
position
•
And A, B, C cannot occupy any double
position
15
•
A must occupy position immediately after the position which is occupy
by B.
•
A must occupy position immediately after the position which is occupy
by B.
•
C occupies forth position.
•
Then A cannot occupy third position.
•
And B cannot occupy fifth position. Or
If A = B
+ 1 and C = 4
|
Then A ≠ 3 and B ≠ 5
16 If A
< B and B < C Then A
< C See below for detail |
||||||
|
Options |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
True/False |
|
1 |
A |
B |
C |
|
|
True |
|
2 |
B |
C |
A |
|
|
False
because A < B |
|
3 |
C |
A |
B |
|
|
False
because B < C |
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